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Deep Vein Thrombosis, commonly abbreviated DVT, is a condition of blood clotting in the veins that lie deep within the body. A blood clot forms when the blood thickens and clumps together. A DVT can occur anywhere in the body, but most commonly forms in the deep veins of the leg.
When a blood clot forms in the deep veins, it can break off from the sides of the veins, forming what is known as an embolism. The embolus can then travel through the body, and get lodged into the small veins of the lung. When this occurs, it is known as pulmonary embolism (PE). Pulmonary embolism can cause shortness of breath and difficulty breathing, and can sometimes progress to a more serious condition, which can even cause death.
Blood clots can also form in the superficial veins of the body, or the veins closer to the skin surface. This is often seen in varicose veins. Blood clots in the superficial veins, however, are not a risk factor for pulmonary embolism.
When a clot forms in the deep veins, it may completely block off blood return to the heart through that vein. This can cause pain, redness, and swelling, typically seen in the leg around the calf.
Risk factors for deep vein thrombosis include increased age, obesity, heart disease, infections, use of oral contraceptives, and pregnancy. The major risk factor for DVT, though, is immobilization. Any situation that limits walking and movement for a prolonged period of time is a potential risk factor for deep vein thrombosis. They are common in post-operative settings, as well as in hospitalized patients.
Special care is taken to make sure that clots are prevented from forming during a hospital stay. If deep vein thrombosis does form in the hospital, they can be managed before they turn into a more serious condition such as pulmonary embolism.
Treatment of deep vein thrombosis centers around medicines that help prevent the growth of a clot, as well as break down the clot once it has formed. Blood thinners like Heparin and Coumadin are used to prevent the clot from getting any bigger, and different medications may be used to dissolve a clot that is already formed.
The most important part of treating deep vein thrombosis and pulmonary embolism is the early recognition of the condition. Doctors, nurses, and other hospital workers are all trained to recognize the symptoms, and treat deep vein thrombosis before it becomes a more serious issue.
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